A single rate spring will build force at a rate constant with the amount of compression, for example, a 130 pound per inch spring will push outwards with a force of 130 pounds when compressed by 1", 260 pounds when compressed by 2", 390 pounds when compressed by 3" etc.
A multi-rate spring will have sections, each of which is a different rate. Lets say that the first section is 50 pounds per inch and binds at 3 inches, the second section is 100 pounds per inch. When compressed by 1", it will exert 50 pounds, 100 pounds at 2", 150 pounds at 3", 250 pounds at 4", 350 pounds at 5", etc.
You can tell a multi-rate spring because the coils will be tighter together at one end than the other. Most common aren't 2 or 3 rate springs, but what is referred to as PROGRESSIVE springs, for example, 50 pounds at 1", 110 pounds at 2", 180 pounds at 3", 260 pounds at 4", 350 pounds at 5", 450 pounds at 6", 560 pounds at 7", etc.
Then you have the stacked springs, which will actually be a weaker straight-rate spring stacked on top of a stronger straight rate spring.